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Wang Xuan

1937 – 2006 · Chinese

Rebuilt Chinese printing for the computer age from a hospital bed, half blind with illness

Working through years of chronic illness that left him bedridden for long stretches, he solved the problem of compressing thousands of Chinese…

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Willem Kolff

1911 – 2009 · Dutch-American

Built the first artificial kidney from sausage skins and orange juice tins in occupied Holland

A young doctor who watched a patient die slowly of kidney failure, he built a dialysis machine from scavenged parts during the German occupation. His…

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William Kamkwamba

1987 – present · Malawian

Forced out of school by famine at 14, he built a windmill from scrap using a library book and lit his village

When drought left his family unable to pay school fees, he taught himself from a physics textbook in a small village library and built a wind turbine…

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Wilson Greatbatch

1919 – 2011 · American

Picked the wrong resistor from a box, heard the circuit tick like a heart, and built the implantable pacemaker

A wartime radio operator who trained on the GI Bill, he made the mistake in 1956 that led to the first practical implantable pacemaker, then gave up…

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